金屬澆注(zhu)的(de)安全技術
金屬(shu)澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)的主要工具是澆(jiao)(jiao)包，澆(jiao)(jiao)包內盛有(you)高(gao)溫(wen)金屬(shu)熔(rong)液，操作中有(you)一定(ding)的危險(xian)性。要十分注(zhu)意安全。澆(jiao)(jiao)包的轉軸要有(you)安全裝置，以(yi)防(fang)意外(wai)傾斜。澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)時，鐵水(shui)包盛滿鐵水(shui)后，重心要比轉軸低100毫米以(yi)上，容量大于500公斤的澆(jiao)(jiao)包，必須裝有(you)轉動(dong)機(ji)構并能自鎖(suo)。澆(jiao)(jiao)包轉動(dong)裝置要設防(fang)護殼，以(yi)防(fang)飛濺(jian)金屬(shu)進入而(er)卡住。
要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)質量檢(jian)(jian)查和(he)(he)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。吊(diao)車(che)式(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)至(zhi)少每半年(nian)檢(jian)(jian)查與試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)一(yi)次；手抬(tai)(tai)(tai)式(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)每兩個(ge)月檢(jian)(jian)查與試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)一(yi)次。吊(diao)車(che)式(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)須(xu)(xu)作(zuo)外(wai)觀檢(jian)(jian)查與靜(jing)力(li)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，重點部(bu)(bu)位是(shi)加(jia)固圈(quan)、吊(diao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)軸、拉桿、大架、吊(diao)環及傾轉(zhuan)機(ji)構等(deng)，特別重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)位須(xu)(xu)用(yong)放大鏡仔細檢(jian)(jian)查。檢(jian)(jian)查前(qian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)清除污(wu)垢、銹(xiu)斑、油污(wu)。如發(fa)現零(ling)件有裂紋、裂口、彎曲、焊(han)縫(feng)與螺栓聯接(jie)不(bu)良(liang)、鉚(liu)釘聯接(jie)不(bu)可靠等(deng)，均(jun)須(xu)(xu)拆(chai)換或(huo)修(xiu)理。澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)靜(jing)力(li)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法，是(shi)將澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)吊(diao)至(zhi)最小高(gao)(gao)度(du)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)負(fu)荷為該澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)******工(gong)作(zuo)負(fu)荷125％，持(chi)續15分鐘；手提式(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)負(fu)荷等(deng)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)******工(gong)作(zuo)負(fu)荷的(de)(de)150％。經(jing)過(guo)檢(jian)(jian)查、試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，如未發(fa)現其(qi)它缺陷(xian)及永久變形，即為合格(ge)。澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)使用(yong)前(qian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)先烘干(gan)，盛鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)水的(de)(de)液面(mian)高(gao)(gao)度(du)不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)高(gao)(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)八分之七。使用(yong)手抬(tai)(tai)(tai)式(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)水包(bao)(bao)(bao)時，每人負(fu)載不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)30公為保證澆(jiao)(jiao)注時安全，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)道要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有3米(mi)寬，澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)走環形路；火(huo)(huo)(huo)鉗、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)棒、火(huo)(huo)(huo)鉤和(he)(he)添(tian)加(jia)劑（硅角(jiao)、鋁、球化劑等(deng)）須(xu)(xu)預(yu)熱；澆(jiao)(jiao)注前(qian)，必須(xu)(xu)檢(jian)(jian)查壓(ya)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)是(shi)否壓(ya)牢(lao)，螺栓卡子是(shi)否卡緊；人工(gong)抬(tai)(tai)(tai)澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)步調要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)齊，配合一(yi)致(zhi)，抬(tai)(tai)(tai)時澆(jiao)(jiao)口朝外(wai)；用(yong)吊(diao)車(che)進行澆(jiao)(jiao)注，司機(ji)和(he)(he)吊(diao)車(che)指揮員要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)遵守吊(diao)車(che)移(yi)動信(xin)號(hao)，動作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)平(ping)穩，吊(diao)運(yun)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)水澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)起吊(diao)高(gao)(gao)度(du)高(gao)(gao)地(di)面(mian)不(bu)大于(yu)(yu)200毫米(mi)；澆(jiao)(jiao)注時，澆(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)盡量靠近口圈(quan)，防止鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)水澆(jiao)(jiao)在壓(ya)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)或(huo)地(di)上；砂箱高(gao)(gao)度(du)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)0.7米(mi)時，應(ying)挖(wa)地(di)坑；澆(jiao)(jiao)注大砂型(xing)，必須(xu)(xu)注意底部(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)氣，噴(pen)出的(de)(de)一(yi)氧化碳再(zai)引火(huo)(huo)(huo)燒(shao)掉；澆(jiao)(jiao)剩的(de)(de)金(jin)屬液只(zhi)準倒入錠模及砂型(xing)中(zhong)；倒入前(qian)，錠模要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)預(yu)熱到(dao)150～200℃，砂坑要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)干(gan)燥。
